SharePoint 2013 databases during installation

The Configuration, Central Administration Content, and Content databases are the 3 databases that are automatically installed when you deploy SharePoint 2013.

Default database name when it is installed with the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard

Category	Data base Name	Description
Configuration database	SharePoint_Config	The configuration database contains data about the following: 1. SharePoint databases 2. Internet Information Services (IIS) web sites 3. Web applications 4. Trusted solutions 5. Web Part packages 6. Site templates 7. Web applications The configuration database also contains specific data for SharePoint 2013 farm settings, such as default quota settings and blocked file types.
Central administration database	SharePoint_Admin_Content	The Central Administration content database is considered to be a configuration database. It stores all configuration data for the Central Administration site collection.
Content database	WSS_Content	A content database can be associated with more than one site collection.

SharePoint 2013 service application databases:

The following service application databases are available in both SharePoint Foundation 2013 and SharePoint Server 2013 deployments.

Category	Data base Name	Description
App Management database	AppManagement	Used by the App Management Service application. It stores the app licenses and permissions that are downloaded from the SharePoint Store or App Catalog.
Business Data Connectivity service application database	Bdc_Service_ DB_<GUID>:	Stores external content types and related objects.
Secure Store Service database	Secure_Store_Service_DB_<GUID>	Stores and maps credentials, such as account names and passwords.
Usage and Health Data Collection database	SharePoint_Logging	Used by the Usage and Health Data Collection service application. It stores health monitoring and usage data temporarily, and can be used for reporting and diagnostics. The Usage and Health Data Collection database is the only SharePoint database that supports schema modifications.
Subscription Settings Service database	SettingsServiceDB

SharePoint 2013 Search service application databases:

The Search service application has four databases that support SharePoint 2013. The four Search service application databases are shown in the following list. The tables that follow the list display the relevant database information.

Category	Data base Name	Description
Search Administration	Search_Service_ Application_DB_<GUID>	The Search Administration database hosts the Search service application configuration and access control list (ACL) for the crawl component.
Analytics Reporting	Search_Service_ Application_Analytics ReportingStoreDB_<GUID>	The Analytics Reporting database stores the results for usage analysis reports and extracts information from the Link database when needed.
Crawl	Search_Service_Application_ CrawlStoreDB_<GUID>:	Stores the state of the crawled data and the crawl history.
Link	Search_Service_ Application_LinkStore DB_<GUID>	Stores the information that is extracted by the content processing component and the click through information.

SharePoint Server 2013 databases:

Category	Data base Name	Description
Word Automation Services service application database	WordAutomationServices_<GUID>	Stores information about pending and completed document conversions and updates. The Word Automation Services Timer Job processes and distributes this information as queued conversion job items to application servers.
Managed Metadata Service application database	Managed Metadata Service  Application_Metadata_<GUID>	Stores managed metadata and syndicated content types.
Taxonomy database ─ (Managed Metadata Service application)	Managed Metadata  Service_<GUID>	Stores a hierarchical structure for items that are used for tagging content and building site collections. This database works in conjunction with the Managed Metadata Service that provides the Term Store Management Tool in the SharePoint Central Administration website.
SharePoint Translation Services service application database	SharePoint Translation  Services_<GUID>	Stores information about pending and completed batch document translations with file extensions that are enabled.
Project Server service application database	ProjectWebApp	Project Server creates a separate database for each instance of Project Web App. Each Project Web App database contains the following data: All Project and Portfolio Management (PPM) data Time tracking and Timesheet data Aggregated SharePoint project site data
SQL Server PowerPivot Service application database	DefaultPowerPivotService ApplicationDB_<GUID>	Stores data refresh schedules, and PowerPivot usage data that is copied from the central usage data collection database. Note: 1. SQL Server 2012 PowerPivot for SharePoint 2013 requires SQL Server 2012 Analysis Services (SSAS), Business Intelligence or Enterprise edition. 2. When being used, PowerPivot stores additional data in content databases and in the Central Administration Content database (WSS_Content).
PerformancePoint Services service application database	PerformancePoint Service _<GUID>	Stores temporary objects and persisted user comments and settings.
State Service application database	SessionStateService_<GUID>	Stores temporary state information for InfoPath Forms Services, Exchange Server, the chart Web Part, and Visio Services.

SharePoint User Profile service application databases:

Category	Data base Name	Description
Profile DB	User Profile Service  Application_ProfileDB_<GUID>	The Profile database stores and manages users and associated information. It also stores information about a user's social network in addition to memberships in distribution lists and sites.
Synchronization DB	User Profile Service  Application_SyncDB_<GUID>	The Synchronization database stores configuration and staging data for use when profile data is being synchronized with directory services such as Active Directory.
Social Tagging DB	User Profile Service  Application_SocialDB_<GUID>	The Social Tagging database stores social tags and notes created by users, alongside their respective URLs.

Please Reference the msdn article to get more:

 http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc678868.aspx#Sec1